Martineau, Harriet: - Harriet Martineau was an influential British writer, journalist, and social theorist of the 19th century. She was born in 1802 in Norwich, England, and was one of twelve children. Martineau lost her hearing at a young age, but this did not stop her from pursuing her passion for writing and advocating for social justice. Martineau is best known for her pioneering work in sociology, particularly her book "How to Observe Morals and Manners," which is considered a foundational text in the field. She was also a prolific writer on a wide range of topics, including economics, politics, and women's rights. Martineau was a strong advocate for the abolition of slavery, and her book "The Hour and the Man" on Toussaint L'Ouverture is a notable work in this area. In addition to her writing, Martineau was an active participant in social and political movements of her time, including the anti-slavery and women's rights movements. She was a feminist and believed in equal rights for all individuals regardless of gender, race, or class. Martineau's legacy includes her contributions to sociology and her advocacy for social justice. She died in 1876, leaving behind a body of work that continues to influence and inspire scholars and activists today.