Machiavelli, Niccolo: - Niccolo Machiavelli (1469-1527) was an Italian philosopher, writer, and politician. He was born in Florence, Italy, and lived during the height of the Italian Renaissance. Machiavelli is best known for his political treatise, "The Prince," which was published five years after his death. Machiavelli's political philosophy was grounded in the belief that a strong and effective government was essential for the survival and prosperity of a state. He believed that leaders should be willing to use any means necessary to maintain their power and ensure the stability of their government, including deception, manipulation, and violence. Between 1498 until 1512, when the Medici were no longer in charge, he served as secretary to the Second Chancery of the Republic of Florence. Despite his controversial ideas, Machiavelli's works had a significant impact on political thought and philosophy. He is often regarded as one of the founders of modern political science, and his ideas have influenced the thinking of many political leaders and thinkers throughout history. Today, Machiavelli's legacy continues to be debated, with some viewing him as a ruthless advocate of political expediency, while others see him as a champion of effective governance and strong leadership.