Newman, John Henry: - John Henry Newman was an influential theologian, philosopher, historian, and writer whose work shaped both Anglican and Catholic thought in the 19th century. Born on February 21, 1801, in London to Jemina Fourdrinier and John Newman, he showed early intellectual promise and later studied at Trinity College, Oxford. He initially served as an Anglican priest, where his academic and spiritual contributions made him a central figure in the Oxford Movement, which aimed to return the Church of England to its Catholic roots. Over time, his theological inquiries and personal convictions led him to convert to Catholicism in 1845, a decision that marked a turning point in his life and drew considerable attention. Newman became a Catholic priest and was eventually elevated to cardinal by Pope Leo XIII in 1879. His most notable works include Apologia Pro Vita Sua and The Idea of a University, through which he articulated his vision of faith, reason, and education. A gifted writer and poet, he continued his scholarly and pastoral work until his death on August 11, 1890, in Edgbaston, Birmingham. He left behind a legacy of spiritual depth and intellectual rigor that continues to resonate in religious and academic circles.