Birth of the Byzantine Army 476-641 CE Volume 1: Still Late Roman?
Birth of the Byzantine Army 476-641 CE Volume 1: Still Late Roman?
Over these 165 years, the Romano-Byzantine army inevitably evolved. In addition to traditional adversaries such as the Persians and steppe nomads, it confronted fresh challenges: campaigns in North Africa and wars against the Vandals and Ostrogoths. Once those territories were conquered, the army was forced to defend them against the Moors in Africa and the Lombards in Italy. Along the Danube frontier, it also faced the Slavs and Avars, whose siege warfare threatened Byzantium itself. These pressures demanded new organization and tactics. Should we still call it a Late Roman army--or was it already a new, distinctly Byzantine one? That is the central question.
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Over these 165 years, the Romano-Byzantine army inevitably evolved. In addition to traditional adversaries such as the Persians and steppe nomads, it confronted fresh challenges: campaigns in North Africa and wars against the Vandals and Ostrogoths. Once those territories were conquered, the army was forced to defend them against the Moors in Africa and the Lombards in Italy. Along the Danube frontier, it also faced the Slavs and Avars, whose siege warfare threatened Byzantium itself. These pressures demanded new organization and tactics. Should we still call it a Late Roman army--or was it already a new, distinctly Byzantine one? That is the central question.
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