Drawing evidence from recent research, this book focuses on the political economy of inequality, social mobility, and climate change, to provide an important contribution to the research on inequality in Africa. It aims to understand socio-economic inequalities, their determinants, evolution, and effects, and identify public policies that can address them, in the framework of the 2030 Agenda and the SDGs. The book also highlights the importance of the African context in the global inequality discussion, while pinpointing some of the crucial research gaps on inequalities across the continent. It will be written in close collaboration with the African Center of Excellence for Inequality Research (ACEIR) as to ensure that the discussion of inequalities is informed and driven by African researchers.