Definition of Botswana: "A republic in South Africa: formerly a British protectorate; gained independence in 1966; member of the Commonwealth of Nations. 275,000 square miles (712,250 square kilometers). Capital: Gaborone. "Formerly Bechuanaland." http: //www.dictionary.com/browse/botswana William Desborough Cooley; A Memoir on the Civilization of the Tribes Inhabiting the Highlands near Dalagoa Bay; The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London; Vol 3; 1833 William Desborough Cooley writes: "The Bechuana tribes, situated in the interior, about three hundred miles north of the Gariep or Orange River, are still superior to the Amakosa in arts and civilization. The position of the latter, indeed, on an exposed frontier, has developed among them a martial character; while the Bechuanas, more remote from hostile attacks, take up arms rather as hunters or marauders, than as warriors. But their superior civilization is evident in their industry. They inhabit large towns, their houses are well-constructed and remarkable for their neatness; they cultivate the soil, and store their grain for winter consumption. In their physiognomy also they rise a degree above the Amakosa; their complexion is of a brighter brown, their features more European, and often beautiful."