From the search for knowledge and a new kind of science to debates about religion, human equality, freedom of mankind, the demand for civil rights, mercantilism, and cosmopolitanism, many issues that the great thinkers of the Enlightenment dealt with are now fundamental to our society. Even today, we are still striving for some of their goals.

Prepared in celebration of the three hundredth birthday of Enlightenment philosopher Immanuel Kant in 2024, this book offers the perfect occasion to take a closer look at the long eighteenth century. What were the most important debates at the time? What contradictions and ambivalences, conflicts over concepts, and demands can be revealed today? This comprehensive publication, with contributions by international experts, explores the changing ideas of science, equality, and tolerance of the past and the present.