Was Simon Petliura an anti-Semite? Did he organize pogroms of the Jewish population of Ukraine, or simply instilling them, or on the contrary, struggled with these acts of barbarism in every possible way? Was the assassination of Petliura an act of spontaneous revenge, or a well-planned operation? Who benefited from the death of the head of the Ukraine? How did Jews behave and feel about the independent Ukrainian state? For these and many other questions, the author gives detailed answers on the pages of this book, with the help of declassified documents and memoirs of contemporaries Simon Petliura.